Maria Elpida Kalaitzoglou¹, Eleni Kantilieraki², Charalampos Beltes², Christos Angelopoulos³, Panagiotis Beltes²
1 Private Practice, Thessaloniki, Greece
2 Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
3 Department of Dentoalveolar Surgery, Implantology and Radiology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Summary
Background/Aim: To analyze the internal morphology of mandibular incisors with two root canals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: 289 (143 central and 146 lateral) extracted intact mandibular incisors were radiographed for detection of a second root canal. The teeth presenting a second root canal were imaged with CBCT and evaluated regarding: root canal type, the distance of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the bifurcation of the canals and the distance of the canal fusion to the apical foramen (in teeth in which canals rejoined). Results: Out of 143 central and 146 lateral mandibular incisors, 41 (28.7%) and 44 (30.1%) teeth respectively showed a second root canal. Types II, III, V and an additional type to Vertucci’s classification were identified. Type III was the most prevalent and presented in 30 (73.2%) central and 34 (77.3%) lateral mandibular incisors with two root canals. The mean values of the distance of the CEJ to the canal bifurcation were 4.2 mm and 4.0 mm for central and lateral mandibular incisors respectively. The mean values of the distance of the canal fusion to the apical foramen 5.5 mm and 5.1 mm for central and lateral mandibular incisors respectively. Conclusions: Mandibular incisors with two root canals mainly present with Vertucci’s Type 3 canal configuration. The canal bifurcation was identified mostly at the coronal and middle thirds of the root, while the canal fusion occurred in the middle third of the root.
Keywords: Root Canals; Mandibular Incisors; CBCT
Reference
1. Rankine-Wilson RW, Henry P. The bifurcated root canal in lower anterior teeth. J Am Dent Assoc, 1965;70:1162-1165.Google Scholar
2. Zhengyan Y, Keke L, Fei W, Yueheng L, Zhi Z. Cone-beam computed tomography study of the root and canal morphology of mandibular permanent anterior teeth in a Chongqing population. Ther Clin Risk Manag, 2016;12:19-25.Google Scholar
3. Sert S, Aslanalp V, Tanalp J. Investigation of the root canal configurations of mandibular permanent teeth in the Turkish population. Int Endod J, 2004;37:494-499.Google Scholar
4. Uma Ch., Ramachandran S, Indira R, Shankar P. Canal and isthmus morphology in mandibular incisors – An in vitro study. Endodontology, 2004;16:7-11.Google Scholar
5. Gomes BPFA, Rodrigues HH, Tancredo N. The use of a modelling technique to investigate the root canal morphology of mandibular incisors. Int Endod J, 1996;29:29-36.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
6. Kartal N, Yanikoǧlu FÇ. Root canal morphology of mandibular incisors. J Endod, 1992;18:562-564.Web of ScienceGoogle Scholar
7. Liu J, Luo J, Dou L, Yang D. CBCT study of root and canal morphology of permanent mandibular incisors in a Chinese population. Acta Odontol Scand, 2014;72:26-30.Web of ScienceCrossrefGoogle Scholar
8. Paes Da Silva Ramos Fernandes LM, Rice D, Ordinola- Zapata R, Alvares Capelozza AL, Bramante CM, Jaramillo D et al. Detection of various anatomic patterns of root canals in mandibular incisors using digital periapical radiography, 3 cone-beam computed tomographic scanners, and micro-computed tomographic imaging. J Endod, 2014;40:42-45.Web of ScienceGoogle Scholar
9. Vertucci FJ. Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 1984;58:589-599.Google Scholar
10. Vertucci FJ. Root canal anatomy of the mandibular anterior teeth. J Am Dent Assoc, 1974;89:369-371.Google Scholar
11. Calişkan MK, Pehlivan Y, Sepetçioğlu F, Türkün M, Tuncer SS. Root canal morphology of human permanent teeth in a Turkish population. J Endod, 1995;21:200-204.Google Scholar
12. Al-Fouzan K, Al-Rejaie M, AlManee A, Jan J, Al-Rejaie M. Incidence of two canals in extracted mandibular incisors teeth of Saudi Arabian samples. Saudi Endod J, 2012;2:65-69.Google Scholar
13. Aminsobhani M, Sadegh M, Meraji N, Razmi H, Kharazifard MJ. Evaluation of the Root and Canal Morphology of Mandibular Permanent Anterior Teeth in an Iranian Population by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. J Dent, 2013;10:358-366.Google Scholar
14. Scarfe WC, Levin MD, Gane D, Farman AG. Use of cone beam computed tomography in endodontics. Int J Dent, 2009;2009:634567.Google Scholar
15. Leoni GB, Versiani MA, Pécora JD, Damião De Sousa-Neto M. Micro-computed tomographic analysis of the root canal morphology of mandibular incisors. J Endod, 2014;40:710-716.Google Scholar
16. Zhao Y, Dong YT, Wang XY, Wang ZH, Li G, Liu MQ, Fu KY. Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of root canal configuration of 4674 mandibular anterior teeth. J Peking Univ Heal Sci, 2014;46:95-99.Google Scholar
17. Arslan H, Ertas H, Tarim Ertas E, Kalabalik F, Saygili G, Davut Capar I. Evaluating root canal configuration of mandibular incisors with cone-beam computed tomography in a Turkish population. J Dent Sci, 2015;10:359-364.Web of ScienceGoogle Scholar
18. Silva EJNL, de Castro RWQ, Nejaim Y, Silva AIV, Haiter- Neto F, Silberman A, Cohenca N. Evaluation of root canal configuration of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth using cone beam computed tomography: An in-vivo study. Quintessence Int, 2016;47:19-24.Web of ScienceGoogle Scholar
19. Han T, Ma Y, Yang L, Chen X, Zhang X, Wang Y. A study of the root canal morphology of mandibular anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomography in a Chinese subpopulation. J Endod, 2014;40:1309-1314.Web of ScienceGoogle Scholar
20. Lin Z, Hu Q, Wang T, Ge J, Liu S, Zhu M, Wen S. Use of CBCT to investigate the root canal morphology of mandibular incisors. Surg Radiol Anat, 2014;36:877-882.Web of ScienceCrossrefGoogle Scholar
21. Al-Qudah AA, Awawdeh LA. Root canal morphology of mandibular incisors in a Jordanian population. Int Endod J, 2006;39:873-877.Google Scholar
22. Boruah LC, Bhuyan AC. Morphologic characteristics of root canal of mandibular incisors in North-East Indian population: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent, 2011;2:346-350.Google Scholar
23. Rahimi S, Milani AS, Shahi S, Sergiz Y, Nezafati S, Lotfi M. Prevalence of two root canals in human mandibular anterior teeth in an Iranian population. Indian J Dent Res, 2013;24:234-236.Google Scholar
24. Altunsoy M, Ok E, Nur BG, Aglarci OS, Enes G, Mehmet C. A cone-beam computed tomography study of root canal morphology of the root canal morphology of anterior teeth in a Turkish population. Eur J Dent, 2014;8:302-306.Google Scholar
25. Muhammad S, Siddiqui MI, Shahid R. Frequency of Root Canals in Mandibular Anterior Teeth of patients attending Nishtar Institute of Dentistry , Multan – in vitro study. Pakistan J Med & Health Sci, 2015;1-4.Google Scholar
26. Kamtane S, Ghodke M. Morphology of Mandibular Incisors: A Study on CBCT. Polish J Radiol, 2016;81:15-16.Google Scholar
Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine, Volume 22, Issue 1, Pages 38–42, ISSN (Online) 2335-0245,DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/bjdm-2018-0007.