Bitri Eneaa, Petcu Lucianb, Mocanu Gabrielac, Balaban Doina Paulad
aUniversity “OVIDIUS”, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Constanta, Romania + Private Dental Practice, Albania
bUniversity “OVIDIUS”, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Biophysics & Biostatistics, Constanta, Romania
cUniversity “OVIDIUS”, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Endodontics, Dental Practice, Constanta, Romania
dUniversity “OVIDIUS”, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Constanta, Romania
Summary
Background/Aim: The chemical nature of soft drinks is acidic, so they possess the capacity to cause hard tissue erosion. The aim of this study is to assess the potentially erosive effect linked to pH and titratable acidity of some common soft drinks on dental hard tissues in prolonged time exposure. Material and Methods: Seven types of soft drinks in Romanian market were selected for this study. The pH and Titratable acidity were determined. Twenty one human dental hard tissue specimens were immersed in 5 ml solution each for 336h. Every 48h weight loss was determined for each specimen and after 336h volume changes were calculated. Enamel microhardness was determined using a Microhardness Tester model HV-1000 and compared to normal enamel microhardness. Results: The pH values of beverages ranged from 2.37 to 3.1, showing no significant differences. All specimens presented color and surface texture modifications, weight loss and volume reduction. There were found significant differences between the mean values of weight loss and enamel microhardness of each type of specimens and type of beverages tested. The most representative findings were achieved by indentations done in specific zones on Sprite® immersed specimen. This result suggest that microhardness near the eroded surface was significant lower than in other zones. Conclusions: Data obtained have shown that all the soft drinks tested had an erosive effect, causing dental hard tissue dissolution. For prolonged time exposure titratable acidity may be a major predictor for erosive potential. Dental erosion may affect different levels of enamel causing decreased enamel microhardness.
Keywords: dental erosion; soft drinks; pH; titratable acidity; weight loss; microhardness; differences
Reference
Attin, T., Koidl, U., Buchalla, W., Schaller, H.G., Kielbassa, A.M., Hellwig, E. (1997) Correlation of microhardness and wear in differently eroded bovine dental enamel. Arch Oral Biol, 42(3): 243-250
Bamise, C.T., Kolawol, K.A., Oloyede, E.O. (2009) The determinants and control of soft drinks-incited dental erosion. Rev Clín Pesq Odontol, 5: 141-154
Bamise, C.T., Ogunbodede, E.O., Olusile, A.O., Esan, T.A. (2007) Erosive potential of soft drinks in Nigeria. World J Med Sci, 2(2): 115-9
Barron, R.P., Carmichael, R.P., Marcon, M.A., Sàndor, G.K.B. (2003) Dental erosion in gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Can Dent Assoc, 69(2): 84-9
Chuenarrom, C., Pojjanut, B., Daosodsai, P. (2009) Effect of indentation load and time on knoop and vickers microhardness tests for enamel and dentin. Mat Res, 12:473-476
Del, P.G.M., Reyes-Gasga, J. (2003) Microhardness and chemical composition of human tooth. Mat Res, 6:367-373
Ganss, C., Schlechtriemen, M.K., Klimek, J. (1999) Dental erosions in subjects living on a raw food diet. Caries Res, 33(1): 74-80
Grenby, T.H. (1996) Methods of assessing erosion and erosive potential. Eur J Oral Sci, 104: 207-214
Institutul National de Statistica Consumul de bauturi, in anul 2017. Romanian, http://www.insse.ro/cms/ro/content/consumul-de-b%C4%83uturi-%C3%AEn-anul-2017
International Organization for Standardization (1998) ISO 750: Fruit and vegetable products: Determination of titratable acidity. https://www.iso.org/standard/22569.html
Jager, D.H., Vieira, A.M., Ruben, J.L., Huysmans, M.C. (2012) Estimated erosive potential depends on exposure time. J Dent, 40: 1103-1108
Jensdóttir, T., Thornórsdóttir, I., Arnadóttir, I.B., Holbrook, W.P. (2002) Erosive drinks on the Icelandic market. Laeknabladid, 88: 569-572
Jensdottir, T., Bardow, A., Holbrook, P. (2005) Properties and modification of soft drinks in relation to their erosive potential in vitro. J Dent, 33(7): 569-575
Kitchens, M., Owens, B.M. (2007) Effect of carbonated beverages, coffee, sports and high energy drinks, and bottled water on the in vitro erosion characteristics of dental enamel. J Clin Pediatr Dent, 31(3): 153-159
Larsen, M.J., Nyvad, B. (1999) Enamel erosion by some soft drinks and orange juices relative to their pH, buffering effect and contents of calcium phosphate. Caries Res, 33(1): 81-87
Lussi, A., ur. (2006) Dental erosion. Monogr Oral Sci, Basel, Karger, vol 20, pp: 9-16
Lussi, A., Jaeggi, T., Zero, D. (2004) The role of diet in the aetiology of dental erosion. Caries Res, 38(Suppl. 1): 34-44
Lussi, A., ur. (2006) Dental erosion. Monogr Oral Sci, Basel, Karger, vol 20, chapter 10, pp. 152-173
Lussi, A., Schaffner, M., Hotz, P., Suter, P. (1991) Dental erosion in a population of Swiss adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 19(5): 286-290
Lussi, A., Carvalho, T.S. (2014) Erosive tooth wear: A multifactorial condition of growing concern and increasing knowledge. Monogr Oral Sci, 25: 1-15
Lussi, A., ur. (2006) Dental erosion. Monogr Oral Sci, Basel, Karger, vol 20, pp: 152-173
Lussi, A., Schaffner, M., Jaeggi, T. (2007) Dental erosion: Diagnosis and prevention in children and adults. Int Dent J, 57(S6): 385-398
Mandel, L. (2005) Dental erosion due to wine consumption. J Am Dent Assoc, 136(1): 71-75
Murrell, S., Marshall, T.A., Moynihan, P.J., Qian, F., Wefel, J.S. (2010) Comparison of in vitro erosion potentials between beverages available in the United Kingdom and the United States. J Dent, 38(4): 284-289
Owens, B.M. (2007) The potential effects of pH and buffering capacity on dental erosion. Gen Dent, 55: 527-531
Ren, Y., Zhao, Q., Malmstrom, H., Barnes, V., Xu, T. (2009) Assessing fluoride treatment and resistance of dental enamel to soft drink erosion in vitro: Applications of focus variation 3D scanning microscopy and stylus profilometry. J Dent, 37(3): 167-176
Rugg-Gunn, A.J., Nunn, J.H. (1999) Diet and dental erosion. u: Nutrition, diet and oral health, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press
Singh, S., Jindal, R. (2010) Evaluating the buffering capacity of various soft drinks, fruit juices and tea. J Conserv Dent, 13: 129-131
Smith, B.G., Knight, J.K. (1984) A comparison of patterns of tooth wear with aetiological factors. Br Dent J, 157(1): 16-19
von Fraunhofer, J.A., Rogers, M.M. (2004) Dissolution of dental enamel in soft drinks. Gen Dent, 52(4): 308-12
Wang, Y., Chang, C., Chi, C., Chang, H., Chiang, Y., Chuang, Y., Chang, H.C., Huang, G., Liao, Y., Lin, C. (2014) Erosive potential of soft drinks on human enamel: An in vitro study. J Formos Med Assoc, 113(11): 850-856
West, N.X., Jandt, K.D. (2000) Methodologies and instrumentation to measure tooth wear: Future perspectives. u: Addy M, Embery G, Edgar WM, Orchadson R [ur.] Tooth wear and sensitivity, London: Martin Dunitz, pp 105-120
West, N.X., Hughes, J.A., Addy, M. (2000) Erosion of dentin and enamel in vitro by dietary acids: The effect of temperature, acid character, concentration and exposure time. J Oral Rehabil, 27:875-880
West, N.X., Hughes, J.A., Addy, M. (2001) The effect of pH on the erosion of dentine and enamel by dietary acids in vitro. J Oral Rehabil, 28(9): 860-864
Will, F., Hilsendegen, P., Bonerz, D., Patz, C., Helmut, D. (2005) Analytical composition of fruit juices. J Applied Bot Food Qual, 79: 12-16
World Health Organization Europe (2014) Soft Drinks Consumption (11, 13, 15 years): Percentage of young people 15 years who drinks soft drinks at least once a day. European Health Information Gateway, https://gateway.euro.who.int/en/indicators/cah_24-soft-drink-consumption-11-13-15-years
Zero, D.T. (1996) Etiology of dental erosion: Extrinsic factors. Eur J Oral Sci, 104(2): 162-177
Zero, D.T., Lussi, A. (2005) Erosion: Chemical and biological factors of importance to the dental practitioner. Int Dent J, 55(S4): 285-290
Zimmer, S., Kirchner, G., Bizhang, M., Benedix, M. (2015) Influence of various acidic beverages on tooth erosion: Evaluation by a new method. PLoS One, 10(6): e0129462
Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine, 2019, vol. 23, br. 3, str. 132-140