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Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to HIV-Kaposi’s sarcoma patients: Case report

Balkan Journal of Dental MedicineOctober 13, 2022October 13, 2022

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Chari Charisa, Dalampiras Antoniosb, Margianou Ioannaa, Zarampouka Katerinac, Michalopoulos Antoniosa

aAristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Propaedeutic Surgical Clinic, Thessaloniki, Greece
bAristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
cAristotle University, Department of Pathology, Thessaloniki, Greece

Summary

Background/Aim: The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is an immunologic entity, which is due to an RNA virus. AIDS is relatively easy transmitted and has a poor prognosis. The main mechanism of this Syndrome is characterized by the destruction and diminishing of T4 lymphocytes or helper/suppressor T-cells. Kaposi’s sarcoma is a neoplasm due to human herpes HHV-8. Kaposi’s sarcoma is one of the entities that determines the disease of AIDS. Kaposi’s sarcoma appears as skin lesions and attacks the oral cavity and lymph nodes. Case report: A male patient, with HIV-syndrome, was referred to the Special Infection Clinic of the University Hospital with a chief complaint of having two lesions, in the oral cavity and in the right ear. The histological report revealed the diagnosis of vascular tumor having morphological and immuno-histochemical characteristics compatible with Kaposi’s sarcoma. Conclusions: The doctor must be suspicious when lesions are observed, particularly in the oral cavity. A biopsy must be taken in order to obtain the correct diagnosis and examine the possibility of the presence of Kaposi’s sarcoma or AIDS.

Keywords: AIDS; HIV-infection; Kaposi’s sarcoma

Reference

Barnes, L., Eveson, J.W., Reichart, P., Sidransky, D. (2005) World health organization classification of tumors. u: Pathology and genetics: Head and neck tumours, Lyon: IARC Press, pp:193-194

Bortoluzzi, M.C., Gonçalves, R.C.G., de Freitas, Z.C.M., Ramacciato, J.C., de Oliveira, J.R. (2017) Classic Kaposi’s Sarcoma (non-HIV-associated) of oral cavity: A case report. Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences, 16: 1-6, e17062

Brenner, B., Rakowsky, E., Katz, A., Gutman, H., Sulkes, A., Schacter, J., Fenig, E. (1999) Tailoring treatment for classical Kaposi’s sarcoma: Comprehensive clinical guidelines. International Journal of Oncology, 14: 1097-1102

Fatahzadeh, M., Schwartz, R.A. (2013) Oral Kaposi’s sarcoma: A review and update. International Journal of Dermatology, 52(6): 666-672

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Joshi, U., Ceena, D.E., Ongole, R., Sumanth, K.N., Boaz, K., Jeena, P.K., et al. (2012) AIDS related Kaposi’s sarcoma presenting with palatal and eyelid nodule. J Assoc Physians India, 60:50-53

Kaposi, M. (1872) Idiopathisches multiples Pigmentsarkom der Haut. Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis, 4(2): 265-273

Kennedy-Lejeune, E., Cataldo, V.D. (2017) Kaposi’s sarcoma of the oral cavity. New England Journal of Medicine, 376(13): 1268-1268

Krown, S.E., Metroka, C., Wernz, J.C., AIDS Clinical Trials Group Oncology Committee (1989) Kaposi’s sarcoma in the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: A proposal for uniform evaluation, response, and staging criteria. J Clin Oncol, 7(9): 1201-7

Marx, R.E., Stern, D. (2012) Oral and maxillofacial pathology: A rationale for diagnosis and treatment. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Company, pp: 508-512
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Neville, B.W., Damm, D.D., Allen, C.M., Bouquot, J.E., ur. (2002) Oral and maxillofacial pathology. Philadelphia, itd: W.B. Saunders, 2nd ed

Sri, K.A., Ramesh, K.A., Sonika, V., Sri, S.A., Arul, J. (2015) Oral Kaposi’s sarcoma: Sole presentation in HIV seropositive patient. J Nat Sci Bio Med, 6:459-461

Vieira, F., Somerville, J., Kenneth, L.K. (2014) Oral Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV positive patients: A case report and review of literature. J Aids Clin Res, 5: 9-9

Weiss, S.W., Goldblum, J.R. (2001) Enzinger and Weiss’s soft tissue tumors. Philadelphia: Mosby, 4th ed, pp: 938-947

Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine, 2019, vol. 23, br. 3, str. 167-171

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